Ki Tavo
Deuteronomy
26:1-29:8
Précis: The
parasha contains commandments regarding the formation of a civil and moral
community (including tithes to support the Levites). The People are promised
that if they follow God’s instructions, they will be transformed into a “holy
people.” They are further instructed that they have a choice in their own
destiny: there are blessings and curses (the “Admonition”), and they must to
choose between the two, and take the consequences. The parasha ends with Moses
reminding the People about all that God had done for them in bringing them from
Egypt, providing sustenance, defeating their foes, and giving them the Land.
Deut.
27:11-26 “On the
same day Moses commanded the people: When
you have crossed the Jordan, these tribes shall stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people.. And these tribes shall stand on
Mount Ebal to pronounce curses… The Levites shall recite
to all the people of Israel in a loud voice: ‘Cursed
is anyone who makes an idol…Then all the people shall say, ‘Amen!’ … ‘Cursed
is anyone who dishonors their father or mother’… Then all the people shall say,
‘Amen!’ … ‘Cursed is anyone who does not uphold the words of this law by
carrying them out’”…Then all the people shall say, ‘Amen!’”
Rabbi Dorothy A. Richman has written about the importance of “Amen” (MyJewishLearning.com, 9/9/14). The
people are divided onto two adjoining mountains, facing each other. The Levites shout out a series of 12 different sins, and the
other 11 tribes cry out together “Amen!” Why? What does “Amen” really signify?
The Hebrew root for the word means
“firm” and probably means “affirm.” In our tradition, when a congregation says
“amen” to a blessing, it is a shared experience which unifies and strengthens
commitment. As Rabbi Richman points out, we say “amen” to things we believe and
to things we hope will be true. The Talmud teaches us (Shev. 29b) that saying “amen” after a blessing is more praiseworthy
that reciting the blessing by oneself. In the Egyptian synagogues of the first
centuries of the Common Era, which were so large that those in the rear could
not hear the service, flags were waved when it was time to say “amen!”
But here, the tribes do not join in
celebrating a blessing or expressing hope. Rather, they recite “amen” to a
series of curses. What are we to make of this? Perhaps it means that the
people, together, are expressing their commitment to becoming a holy nation by
sharing a common set of core values. And we say “amen” loudly together so that
we can hear one another, and take strength from one another as we strive to
become the kind of people our tradition asks us to be.
And a related note: the power
of "amen" arises from voices united together. As we approach Labor
Day, I note with great regret the anti-union animus which has become so common
in America. As we race to the bottom to meet so-called international
competition, American workers find themselves with less protection to join
together for their mutual benefit. The Labor Movement, which has been the force
behind the adoption of Social Security, Medicare, wage and hour regulation,
OSHA, and countless other benefits to American society, is in danger of fading
away completely. While all institutions have their faults, we should not ignore
the blessings provided to us by organized Labor through the work of generations
of hard-working American men and women over decades of concerted activity. To
which I say, "AMEN!"
